Agar was first introduced into the laboratory in 1881. Since then, microbiologists have depended on agar to create strong jellies. When microorganisms are streaked or plated onto this jellied surface and incubated, individual cells multiply into distinct colonies that scientists can easily observe, select, and propagate for further experiments. Many of the most important findings in biological research of the last 150 years or so — including the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool — have been enabled by agar.4 Agarose, a derivative of agar, is also essential in molecular biology techniques like gel electrophoresis, where its porous gel matrix separates DNA fragments by size, enabling researchers to analyze and isolate specific genetic sequences.
disappears when extract returns.
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Before artificial intelligence supercharges global productivity, governments will have to deal with an unfortunate reality: The long-awaited economic windfall may be years away, while the bills are coming due now.
“中国一強”「レアアース」 日本の戦略に密着取材